R07: LaTeX
Introduction to LaTeX in Quarto
- Quarto allows LaTeX syntax for math expressions.
- Supports inline math, display equations, and complex formatting.
- Useful for scientific writing, presentations, and reports.
- What is LaTeX?
- It is a form of coding within qmd files (and many other types of files) that helps us write equations in an easily readable format
Open a new qmd file
- You can follow along in the file
- Source vs. Visual: Source is often easier when using LaTeX, but it works in Visual
- LaTeX is written in the text portion of a qmd, NOT the code portion
- We use
$’s to tell our Quarto doc where we are writing LaTeX code
Inline Math
- To include inline math, wrap your LaTeX code in
$...$ - Example: \(a^2 + b^2 = c^2\) is written as
$a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ - This is great for brief equations within text
Display Equations
For equations that should be centered on their own line, use
$$...$$.Example: We can make an equation with a new line using
$$E = mc^2$$\[E = mc^2\]
This makes the equation stand out
Symbols and Greek Letters
- Quarto LaTeX can include Greek letters and other symbols
Greek letters
- mu (\(\mu\)):
\mu - sigma (\(\sigma\)):
\sigma - beta (\(\beta\)):
\beta - lambda (\(\lambda\)):
\lambda
Math symbols
- Greater than (\(>\)):
> - Greater than or equal to (\(\geq\)):
\geq - Not equal to (\(\neq\)):
\neq - Multiplication
- \(\cdot\) from
\cdot - \(\times\) from
\times
- \(\cdot\) from
Subscripts and Superscripts in LaTeX
- To create subscripts, use
_(underscore).- Example:
$x_1$,$y_{ij}$render as \(x_1\), \(y_{ij}\)
- Example:
- To create superscripts, use
^(caret).- Example:
$x^2$,$e^{5i}$render as \(x^2\), \(e^{i5i}\)
- Example:
- Use
{}for multiple characters in subscripts or superscripts
LaTeX:
$$x_i^2 + y_j^3$$
Output in html:
\[x_i^2 + y_j^3\]
$\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2$
\(\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2\)
$$\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2$$
\[\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2\]
Fractions in LaTeX
- To create fractions, use the
\frac{numerator}{denominator}command
LaTeX:
$$\frac{a}{b}$$
Output in html:
\[\frac{a}{b}\]
$$\frac{\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}}{c}$$
\[\frac{\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}}{c}\]
$$\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n x_i}{n}$$
\[\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n x_i}{n}\]
- Fractions can be used in both inline and display modes.
Text within LaTeX
- LaTeX allows you to insert text within mathematical expressions using
\text{...}. - This is useful for labeling variables or adding context to equations
LaTeX:
$$y = mx + \text{intercept}$$
Output:
\[ y = mx + \text{intercept} \]
$$P(A) = \frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total outcomes}}$$
\[ P(A) = \frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total outcomes}} \]
Aligning Equations
- To align multiple equations, use the
alignenvironment
LaTeX:
$$
\begin{align}
x + y &= 10 \\
x - 3y &= 6
\end{align}
$$
Output in html:
\[ \begin{align} x + y &= 10 \\ x - 3y &= 6 \end{align} \]
What you might use in Homework 5
LaTeX:
$$SE = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}$$
Output in html:
\[SE = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}\]
$$z = \frac{x - \mu}{\sigma}$$
\[z = \frac{x - \mu}{\sigma}\]
Practical Uses of LaTeX in Quarto
- Writing technical documents with lots of math
- Formatting statistics for reports and papers
- Presenting mathematical concepts in presentations like this one